torsdag 19 december 2013

DM 2572 – Composition of blog comments


Yes i agree with him concerning the example with Barkleys of what is truth, well in every example you have yourself as a point a view and of course as you describe, what is conceivable or not to you depends on the knowledge you have, and everyone else have their knowledge as point of view. Therefore i interpret that you mean that "what is inconceivable cannot exist“ is described for the reality to each person. But you have to be able to prove to others why it is the "truth" with facts and be able to question everything. The person in a discussion that can't disprove you therefore should change their view if they understand your facts and can confirm them. I think the quotation "what is inconceivable cannot exist“ is not about each person, more described for "the best proven view".



“I totally agree, references would come from unbiased media, of course there could be reliable articles from media thats not unbiased as long as their references have accurate information. I believe it also depends a lot about the topic it concerned.”



1#
“I wonder in what way this will change. Do you suggest that the way the change is coming, is in the form of adapted media for each individual by choice, and no solid TV tabloids for example? What do you think will become of the TV-tabloids?”

2#
“I agree with your statement that we should choose our content more carefully, but as long as there is solid tabloids and people follow them and watch shows at set times, or just watch TV at all this will not change. What is your view of this one generation from here, what will have changed?”

3#
“I believe this exist in all types of media, but deception are more dangerous and successful in "one to many" media forms (obviously to the number of people it reaches "mass"). But more importantly because there is harder to response for ordinary people in the same media and critisize in retrospect and reach the same viewers, I believe it don't result in the same impact. It's not that easy to spot either, and its easier as a consumer to just chose to not consume a specific program of media if you reach this realisation, than actually respond to it.”

4#
“I agree with that you often get a lot of "brain stimulation" during the day and come home tired and want to relax. And if you enjoy these TV-shows there is no discussions about whether you should watch them or not. Are your opinon that the people who watch TV enjoy the shows or more that they are to tired to find something that probably would suit them even better? From my own perspective, I don't find anything watchable on TV these days, I think its easier to find a program to enjoy on the internet.”



1#
“Yes, at least we are lucky enough to have full access to internet i Europe. Comparing to Horkheimers view of mass deception then, what is your view of what have changed and how heavily we are influenced now compared to then (in Europe)? In what ways?”

2#
“Great discussion, and very good points made! By your expression being turned into a marionette to serve the masses, you mean that the "leader" turn from serving their own view into serving others. I'm guessing you mostly referring to people with influences over big areas, like politicians. I agree with that but also think that more powerful people that have influence in the same area have more of a "bad" influence of what you should think than the masses. I don't believe that just the masses make you loose your critical thinking, but overall its hard to tell who lost their critical thinking and who have not.”



“The way the benefits and limitations is presented gives the impression that none of them are convincing which may be a good thing, to let you make your own opinion out from facts. No exaggeration at either side, but the paper dosen't form a suggestion through a discussion later which makes it harder to form your opinon when there is no argumentation about the most critical/beneficial objectives concerning either options. Therefore it's hard to get convinced from these stated benefits and limitation out of any context.”



When playing Boggle I also had the same opinon at first concerning that quantitative methods often are used in relatively new fields where a lot of research does not exist yet, and that you use this collected statistical data to conduct qualitative research. Which I afterwards reconsiderd. I think the best thing with this seminar was that this kinds of questions was brought up and discussed. It's a good way to put views in perspective, you gain a lot from discussing opinions in groups/class. The so far best seminar. In contrast to our monday-seminar what is your opinion of that seminar? What did you gain/learn from these discussions of quantitative papers that was useful during wednesdays-seminar?



“In this seminar we discussed quantitative methods, in consideration to our last seminar (wednesday) that also contained discussion about qualitative methods. Did you get any new perception concerning either of these methods during the seminar?



“Thats a good question Carl, I didn't get the feeling that this new explorative new types of interaction through physical programming have any base of demand. I can't think of any product offhand that feels specifically in need for this kind of interaction. But i guess that you need to experience and create a demand for everything thats new. I feel that it would be easier to relate if there would have been more of a everyday item that was integrated with this physical programming. As you mention, an application would have been a good choise.”



I agree with your comment about limitations of prototypes "Very often the prototype is far from the finished product in many aspects." I think that this might give misleading feedback from test-users if the prototype lack complete features, in some cases. Maybe not very misleading but may differ a lot from a later high fidelity prototype. But I still believe that prototype testing is of strong value even though if you only got a low fidelity prototype. A small picture or a hunch of the prototype use, I believe give a better foundation for development and error findings compared to other evaluation methods excluding test-users. Do you agree?



1#
“Thank you Adam! The word "abandoned" was defined as either completely abandoned or reduced usage. I would also like to clarify that the participants was all college students and all lived on campus. I believe this fact had a bigger affect on the abandonment of IM compared to other social environment. Some comments suggested that some of the main reasons they reduced their use of IM, was because it was so close to walk over to a friend and have face-to-face conversation. That was more appreciated and it felt ridiculous to use IM when you had that option. I feel that this conclusion or motivation to why the participants IM use was reduced is misleading. It's a very certain environment, students living on a campus should not have been my first choose of target group. That might be one of the biggest weaknesses in this paper that the research was conducted on participants that is somewhat more isolated then most of the population.”

2#
“The interview questions wasn't attached with paper so I have no way of knowing how the test was executed more than as described in the text as an open ended interview. Thereby no way to compare what may have differed in the interview from the first participant to the end participant. The only information concerning changes during the interview was described following: "The interview protocol was iteratively refined during the first 3–4 interviews, but was relatively stable after that. The order of items was occasionally changed to adapt to the flow of conversation and particular circumstances of certain participants." From this information we can only tell that the order questions and subjects was discussed were changed and redefined questions. Further changes can only be left to speculations. From own experiences when conducting interviews, there is always a chance to influence participants and lead them on to say conclusions you as a interviewer are looking for. That may have happened and been improved after self reflection between tests. Do you have any further suggestions on the topic?”



“Well it's the first time I encountered Narratives and have just seen it applied on one research which makes it hard to form a solid opinion. However I can imagine some examples which may explain this critique. First of all if we take this papers ( Situating Internet Use: Information-Seeking Among Young Women with Breast Cancer) way of conduct in consideration. Where the collected data consists of stories, there are hard to get confirmation concerning the truth in the story. Even though all participants stories are true there may be still hard to prove everything. In other methods were data are collected, the data can be recorded and proven if the method is analysing some kind of conduct. On this point I disagree, but I still consider this as a good method. As we discussed on the seminar, there may be more effective to post-reflect on an event to be able to detach feelings playing a role present of an event. It may give a better picture. What do you think about my reasoning?”



måndag 16 december 2013

Reflection Theme 6: Qualitative and case study research

From last week I read the paper “Adopt, adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start, and then stop, using instant messaging”, where adoption, adaption and abandoned use was examined of Instant messaging by former users. The qualitative method used in this paper was inductive qualitative technique, also described in grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). In this approach you use the data to build theory, by examine concrete events and from these data attempt to identify larger categories and to understand them. The direction of reasoning is often thought of as “bottom up”, from data to theory (Eben A. Weitzman, 1997). The inductive qualitative technique was used to analyze interview data collected from 21 participants from a semi-structured interview.

During the seminar Monday 16/12 we discussed our qualitative research paper and what methods was used. Most common method used in the papers in my group was qualitative interview. The paper that brought most discussion in the group was Situating Internet Use: Information-Seeking Among Young Women with Breast Cancer, which used a slightly different qualitative method, Narratives. This subject occupied most of our seminar time and resulted in some further researching and composing of a describing text of Narratives under the tab “Other methods” on the course page. This is what I learned concerning this method.

Narratives uses field texts such as stories, autobiography, journals, field notes, letters, conversations, interviews and life experience, as the units of analysis to research and understand the way people create meaning in their lives as narratives. It uses stories as source of information for a specific research. In the paper of information seeking among young women with breast cancer, narratives were used to collect stories of women that had been affected by breast cancer. With a very open instruction of how to write their story. The fact that stories are used as material to conduct research upon have been criticized for not being theoretical enough (David M. Boje, 2001). In the paper they conclude that the advantage with using this method, is the opportunity to narratize experiences in ways that were personally meaningful, rather than imposing pre-assigned response categories on their experiences (Balka et al., 2010).

References

Paper: Adopt, adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start, and then stop, using instant messaging
Journal: Computers in Human behavior
Impact factor: 2.489

Balka, E., Krueger, G., Holmes, B. J. and Stephen, J. E. (2010). Situating Internet Use: Information-Seeking Among Young Women with Breast Cancer. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, pp. 389–411.


David M. Boje, Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001), 83, 98.

fredag 13 december 2013

Theme 6: Qualitative and case study research

I have read the paper “Adopt, adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start, and then stop, using instant messaging”, where adoption, adaption and abandoned use are examined of Instant messaging by former users.

1. Which qualitative method or methods are used in the paper? Which are the benefits and limitations of using these methods?

The qualitative method used in this paper was inductive qualitative technique, also described in grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). In this approach you use the data to build theory, by examine concrete events and from these data attempt to identify larger categories and to understand them. The direction of reasoning is often thought of as “bottom up”, from data to theory (Eben A. Weitzman, 1997). The inductive qualitative technique was used to analyze interview data collected from 21 participants from a semi-structured interview.
A benefit with this method is that it’s an excellent way to provide framework, for unearthing unknown or unexpected phenomena. A limitation connected to this benefit is that it’s hard to follow a plan, which can have an impact of the conducted timespan. Another benefit is great awareness of the perspectives of participants.

2. What did you learn about qualitative methods from reading the paper?

The interview questions was refined and evolved in an iterative process between the first 4 interviews. I find this as a benefit to be able to see flaws and be able to fix them. At the same time this may have resulted in different starting points and affected the outcome. Which should have been fixed with earlier pilot testing. Which is something I will avoid when performing interview testing. But overall, the entire method is an evolving process, and finds unexpected answers.

3. Which are the main methodological problems of the study? How could the use of the qualitative method or methods have been improved?

First of all, the first 4 participants that performed the study were counted to the end results even tough the test was modified between them. It’s not legit to create a conclusion of participant data if they had different settings. Otherwise I think the method was good, the use of WEFT Qualitative Data Analysis tool to transcribe responses was a benefit to obtain quantity of data. Which made it easy to code the data according to the themes observed in the initial analysis. Which strengthened the benefit of qualitative methods to find new themes whuch were added to the coding scheme as necessary.

Case study
A case study is a descriptive, exploratory or explanatory analysis of a person, group or event. Case studies are used to explore relations of underlying principles to create an analytic frame within the case to illuminate or explicate.

The second paper selected for comparison with "Process of Building Theory from Case Study Research" is “Mobile phones during work and non-work time: A case study of mobile, non-managerial workers”. It is a case study, which examines how some non-managerial/professional workers (mobile service engineers) used mobile phones for work, with a central focus on phone use during working hours. Where findings addresses management of the work/non-work boundary during work hours.

First off the paper had a good argumentation and presentation about the area of blurred lines between work/non-work related communications during work hours. Referring to other similar studies about affects from off-work, work load which is a strength comparing to table 1. The study had a specified selection of 3 engineering companies with a total of 17 participants. Specifically chosen for sampling, which also follows table 1. Data was collected during a semi-structured interview with recording tool, which later were transcribed. According to table 1 there should be multiple data collection methods to strengthen grounding of theory by triangulation of evidence. I feel this point is fulfilled with recording as back up to manual data gathering. Analyzing was conducted through an open coding of the transcribed data, it created a Varity of topics. Only one technique was used when analyzing, according to table 1 at least two different techniques should be used to force the investigators to look beyond the initial impressions. The forming of hypothesis had a good iterative process where the found topics were discussed, connected and together constructed a logical foundation for two hypothesis. Conflicting literature was taken up in the discussion to provide dynamic in interpretation of the study. It improves the construct definition to not only have supporting litterture.


References

Paper: Adopt, adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start, and then stop, using instant messaging
Journal: Computers in Human behavior
Impact factor: 2.489

Glaser & Strauss, 1967, The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research

(Eben A. Weitzman, 1997) esourceresearch.org

Paper: Mobile phones during work and non-work time: A case study of mobile, non-managerial workers


Impact factor: 1.381

onsdag 11 december 2013

Reflection Theme 5: Design research

After reading last weeks papers I had some difficulties relating to how physical programming could be of use. Of course I understood the examples of possible ways of using physical programming in the text Fernaeus, Y. & Jacobsson, M. (2009) they didn’t convince me why this exploration is worth looking into. I would have preferred some examples where physical programming was applied to everyday objects. That way it would be easier to relate, the examples of toys and automotive vacuum cleaners didn’t strike out as good examples of area use to me. This was questioned during the seminar, what was seen as possible areas of use for physical programming. Unfortunately didn’t get any concrete answer, just in general form of anything.

Something I learned during Ylvas lecture was, what made her project (paper) into research, or what defines a research in general. By doing this she first distinguished knowledge from research, in order to define the different purpose. Where knowledge was things taken notice of, something that already caught attention. While research is taking notice of something new and sharing it.

During Haibos lecture he talked about great ideas, and what was essential for a great idea. He presented Haibos theory – Defining a problem and solving the problem. Where he argued for the weight of defining a problem. “If you want to be famous or great then you have to think about the problem, defining the problem.” To get a great solution you have to define the problem as good as possible to be able to solve it in the best way.
This had me thinking of the explorative paper Ylva wrote about with examples of physical programming. The example problems wasn’t defined, which may have been the reason to why their ideas with physical programming didn’t appeal to me. But I’m not entirely sure if it’s fair to apply this to explorative research or is it?

References


Fernaeus, Y. & Jacobsson, M. (2009). Comics, Robots, Fashion and Programming: outlining the concept of actDresses. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction.New York: ACM.